A Tour of the Cell

What are the different types of microscopes? 
-Light Microscope (LM)
-Electron Microscope (EM)
-Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
-Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 

What's the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic?
Prokayrotes have no nucleus, and are essentially "simpler" than eukaryotic cells. They are also generally smaller than eukaryotes.

What are the different cell junctions and what are their purposes?
-Tight Junctions: prevent leakage
-Anchoring Junctions: fastens cells together into sheets. They are common in tissues that are subject to stress
-Gap Junctions: small gaps that allow molecules to flow through pores into other cells

The Facts:
-Only prokaryotes have capsules
-Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke
-Chloroplasts consist of several different internal structures including the stroma, thylakoids and granum
-Flagellum and cilia have very similar structure and movement
-Animal cells do not have cell walls, plants do. While this means we have more motion, it also takes away any chance at photosynthesizing
 
Key Terms:
-Organelles: "Little Organs"
-Cellular Metabolism: Chemical activities that occur across the cell
-Nucleus: The "brain" of the cell, contains the DNA
-Nucleolus: A structure in the nucleus where the ribosomal RNA is synthesized
-Golgi Apparatus: Receives and modifies and ships out what's given by the ER
-Mitochondria: Carries out cellular respiration and converts things into chemical energy
-Lysosome: Digesting enzymes enclosed in a membranous sac
-Peroxisome: An organelle involved in metabolic functions
-Chloroplasts: Photosynthesizing organelles
-Endosymbiosis: A theory that mitochondria were formerly small prokaryotes that started living in larger cells

This is a cut-section diagram of an animal cell. As you can see, the organelles have a very set placement.

















Summary: 

This chapter was made to aquaint us with the structure of a cell, its funtions and the functions of its many organelles. First it establishes how we go about seeing cells: several different types of ultra-powerful microscopes that all serve to see different things.
Then it moves on to functions of the cells, which is primarily to exist and reproduce. Then the junctions exist to keep the cell alive and working properly. The organelles are extensive, and I have listed a few and their functions above. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mszlckmc4Hw

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